The janie series of French marigold is an annual plant thought to originate in Mexico. The botanical name epithet patula means 'spreading.' In relation to other Marigolds, the janie series is considered to be a more dwarfed variety, with plants reaching only 15cm to 20cm at maturity.
The janie series of French marigold is used mainly in flower gardening and is used mainly as an edging plant on herbaceous borders and commonly planted in butterfly gardens as a nectar source. French marigold florets are grown and harvested annually to add to poultry feed to help give the yolks a golden colour. The florets can also be used to colour human foods. A golden yellow dye is used to colour animal-based textiles (wool, silk) without a mordant, but a mordant is needed for cotton and synthetic textiles. The plant is also harvested for essential oils used in perfumes. The essential oil is being investigated for antifungal activity, including treatment of candidiasis and treating fungal infections in plants.
Within the realm of naturopathic medicine and folklore, French marigold has been used medicinally by many cultures that would create infusions from dried leaves or florets. French marigold has also be planted around other food crops as it is believed to ward off various pests within the garden.
Please note that MIROFOSS does not suggest in any way that plants should be used in place of proper medical and psychological care. This information is provided here as a reference only.
The dried and ground flower petals of French marigold constitute a popular spice in the Republic of Georgia in the Caucasus, where they are known as imeruli shaphrani 'Imeretian Saffron' from their pungency and golden colour and particular popularity in the Western province of Imereti. The spice imparts a unique, rather earthy flavour to Georgian cuisine, in which it is considered especially compatible with the flavours of cinnamon and cloves. It is also an essential ingredient in the spice mixture khmeli-suneli.
French marigold are low growing plants with blended variations of red, yellow, and orange flowers. The heads of the french marigold flower contain mostly hermaphrodite (having both male and female organs) florets and are pollinated primarily by beetles in the wild, as well as by tachinid flies and other insects. The leaves and roots of all species of marigold include oil glands. The oils are pungent and are believed to kill nematodes in the soil and it is said to repel harmful insects, such as white flies on tomatoes. Within two weeks of the start of bloom, the achenes, seeds, ripen on the French marigold and are shed.
| Plant Height |
15cm to 20cm |
| Habitat |
Gardens, Light forested areas, Waste Places |
| Leaves |
Even Pinnate |
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| Leaf Margin |
Serrate |
| Leaf Venation |
Pinately lobed |
| Stems |
Straight stems with many nodes |
| Flowering Season |
May to November |
| Flower Type |
Rounded clusters of 20mm to 30mm flowers |
| Flower Colour |
Red, Orange, Yellow |
| Pollination |
Insect |
| Flower Gender |
Flowers are hermaphrodite |
| Fruit |
Long tufted seeds |
| USDA Zone |
9B (-1.2°C to -3.8°C) cold weather limit |
There are currently no noted hazards when handling or choosing a location to plant French marigold.
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-Click here- or on the thumbnail image to see an artist rendering, from The United States Department of Agriculture, of French marigold. (This image will open in a new browser tab) |
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-Click here- or on the thumbnail image to see a magnified view, from The United States Department of Agriculture, of the seeds created by French marigold for propagation. (This image will open in a new browser tab) |
French marigold can be translated into the following select languages:
| Arabic |
القطيفة (جاني) |
Bulgarian |
невен (Джени) |
Chinese (Sim) |
万寿菊（珍妮） |
| Croatian |
neven (Janie) |
Czech |
měsíček lékařský (Janie) |
Danish |
morgenfrue (Janie) |
| Dutch |
goudsbloem (Janie) |
Esperanto |
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Estonian |
saialille (janie) |
| Finnish |
kehäkukka (Janie) |
French |
souci (Janie) |
German |
Ringelblume (janie) |
| Greek |
κατιφέ (Janie) |
Hebrew |
ציפורני חתול (ג 'ייני) |
Hungarian |
körömvirág (Janie) |
| Italian |
calendula (janie) |
Japanese |
マリーゴールド（JANIE） |
Korean |
마리 골드 (제이니) |
| Hindi |
मैरीगोल्ड (जॉनी) |
Lithuanian |
medetkų (Janie) |
Norwegian |
blomst (Janie) |
| Persian |
گل همیشه بهار (جینی) |
Polish |
aksamitki wzniesionej (Janie) |
Portuguese |
calêndula (Janie) |
| Romanian |
galbenele (Janie) |
Russian |
календулы (Дженни) |
Slovak |
nechtík lekársky (Janie) |
| Spanish |
caléndula (Janie) |
Swedish |
ringblomma (janie) |
Tagalog |
amarilyo (janie) |
| Turkish |
kadife (Janie) |
Ukrainian |
календули (Дженні) |
Vietnamese |
cúc vạn thọ (Janie) |
| The information provided in this conservation assessment has been provided by the Natureserve Database in conjuction with various federal, provincial, state, county, district, regional, and municipal governments as well as public and private conservation authorities. Information in this section is accurate from the last time this article was updated. |
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French marigold is globally listed as a secure species and is considered an exotic plant in North America. |
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The MIROFOSS database offers free printable garden tags for personal and non-profit use. These tags can be used to properly identify plant samples in a garden. Click on the tags shown on the the screen or -click here- to download a full size jpeg image for a Janie Series French marigold identification tag; which can be printed on paper or used with a plastic laser printer. |
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| Description |
Brickell. C. The RHS Gardener's Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers |
| Description |
Riotte. L. Companion Planting for Successful Gardening. |
| Biology |
Mares D, Tosi B, Poli F, Andreotti E, Romagnoli C. (2004). "Antifungal activity of Tagetes patula extracts on some phytopathogenic fungi: ultrastructural evidence on Pythium ultimum". Microbiol Res. 159 (3): 295–304. |
| Biology |
Soule, J. A. 1993. "The Biosystematics of Tagetes" Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Texas |
| Folklore |
Goldstein D. 1993 "The Georgian Feast" HarperCollins |
| Environment |
National Audubon Society. Field Guide To Wildflowers (Eastern Region): Alfred A. Knopf. pp 415-420 ISBN 0-375-40232-2 |
| Physical Identification |
National Audubon Society. Field Guide To Wildflowers (Eastern Region): Alfred A. Knopf. pp 415-420 ISBN 0-375-40232-2 |
| March 10, 2015 |
The last time this page was updated |
| ©2021 MIROFOSS™ Foundation |
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